Many cities, starting from the capital, are located in narrow valleys, shaped by rivers between the mountains, at higher or lower elevations. Here are the average temperatures of Mazar-i-Sharif, located at 360 meters (1,200 feet) above sea level.Īfghanistan is a mountainous country, and it's crossed by the range of Hindu Kush in its various chains, but also by the Pamir in the far north-east, in the frigid Wakhan Corridor, near the border with China. Summer is really hot, with peaks of 45 ☌ (113 ☏) and even more, and sunny. In winter, however, cold waves are possible, with peaks of -20/-25 ☌ (-4/-13 ☏). In the northern plains (the ancient Bactria), crossed by the Amu Darya River, which marks the border with the former Soviet republics, the climate is continental, with cold winters (but the average daily temperature exceeds freezing also in January) and very hot summers. Only in the easternmost region, east of Kabul, owing to the last offshoot of the monsoon that affects India and Pakistan, there is a certain increase in rainfall in July and August. Later, the rains decrease, and from June to September, it usually never rains. In early spring, when the southern Asian landmass starts to warm up, the clash between air masses becomes stronger, so rainfall increases in fact, March is often the wettest month. Precipitation is generally scarce, at semi-desert or desert levels, except in the eastern regions, where it exceeds in some areas 500 millimeters (20 inches) per year, while in the far east, near the border with Pakistan (Kunar and Nurestan provinces), it even reaches 1.000 mm (40 in).ĭuring winter, the center-north of the country (and more rarely the south) is reached by disturbances of Mediterranean origin, which bring a bit of rain, and even snow, more likely in the mountains. However, there are substantial differences depending on area and altitude: the south is desert, many areas are rather cold because of altitude, and the far east is relatively rainy even in summer, since it is partly affected by the Indian monsoon.
In Afghanistan, the climate is usually arid continental, with cold and relatively rainy winters (and a rainy peak in spring) and hot and sunny summers.
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